Overview
DNA testing verifies biological relationships in immigration proceedings when traditional documentation is unavailable. Genetic testing establishes paternity, maternity, siblingship, and grandparent relationships for immigrant visa applications through laboratory analysis of genetic markers.
Applicable Relationship Types
DNA testing verifies 4 primary biological relationships: paternity (father-child), maternity (mother-child), full-siblingship (same biological parents), and half-siblingship (one shared biological parent). Immigration agencies accept DNA evidence for these 4 relationship categories plus grandparent-grandchild relationships. More distant relationships—such as aunt-nephew, uncle-niece, or cousin relationships—cannot be proven reliably through DNA testing.
When DNA Testing Is Recommended
DNA testing verifies family relationships in 5 specific immigration contexts: family petitions (Form I-130), immigrant visa applications (Form DS-260), asylee relative petitions (Form I-730), refugee relative petitions (Form I-730), and applications for Certificates of Citizenship (Form N-600).
USCIS considers DNA testing as optional secondary evidence when insufficient credible documentation exists to establish biological relationships. USCIS suggests DNA testing but cannot require applicants to submit genetic evidence. Applicants retain full control over whether to pursue DNA testing.
Important Considerations
DNA testing remains entirely voluntary for all immigration applicants. Petitioners and beneficiaries bear 100% of testing costs, which typically range from $300 to $600 per test. Submitting DNA test results does not guarantee visa approval or issuance.
Testing timelines vary by location:
- Domestic testing: 2 to 3 business days after samples arrive at the laboratory
- International testing: 6 to 8 weeks or longer depending on collection site accessibility and shipping logistics
Testing requirements ensure accuracy:
- Laboratories must maintain AABB accreditation (American Association of Blood Banks)
- DNA collection uses buccal swabs (cheek cell samples)
- Authorized personnel collect samples to maintain proper chain of custody
- Chain of custody documentation tracks samples from collection through analysis
Testing through non-accredited laboratories or improper sample collection invalidates results for immigration purposes.
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